镜像的存出和载入
如果你的生产环境不能连通互联网，而你又希望从互联网上获取镜像。你就需要借助 docker save命令，可以将镜像导出为 tar 文件。使用 docker load 命令，可以将tar文件导入镜像库。整个流程是这样的:
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| graph LR
A[在一台联网的机器上Docker pull]-->B[docker save]
B[docker save]-->C[拷贝到无法联网的设备中]
C[拷贝到无法联网的设备中]-->D[docker load]
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存出镜像
先用 docker images 查看本地的镜像，然后使用 docker save 可以将镜像保存为tar文件。
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| $ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch 6.3.1 fa7212eab151 2 weeks ago 783MB
alpine 3.8 4e0b9a3dffba 2 weeks ago 4.41MB
rs-rootfs 0.1 8d7cc52f0b8e 2 weeks ago 942kB
chello 0.1 0ffaacaa21e5 2 weeks ago 8.43kB
bashtest 0.2 109fb224038d 2 weeks ago 4.15MB
bashtest 0.1 2c411bd2be86 2 weeks ago 4.15MB
alpine 3.7 bf17a07bd8a7 2 weeks ago 4.14MB
hello-node v1 c95a898a2382 3 weeks ago 655MB
jenkinsci/blueocean latest 359cfdd876c8 2 months ago 440MB
hello-world latest e38bc07ac18e 3 months ago 1.85kB
frolvlad/alpine-python2 latest a8dc2527e0b3 3 months ago 51.9MB
alpine latest 3fd9065eaf02 6 months ago 4.15MB
node 6.9.2 faaadb4aaf9b 19 months ago 655MB
$ docker save -o elasticsearch.tar docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:6.3.1
$ ls -lh elasticsearch.tar
-rw------- 1 rousseau staff 756M Jul 16 08:55 elasticsearch.tar
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载入镜像
尝试先把本地镜像库中的镜像删除，然后通过load载入镜像。
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| $ docker rmi fa7212eab151
Untagged: docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:6.3.1
Untagged: docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch@sha256:178051b116c91ae525369f3468aec167fb2c1cd90456e86c717cb1d135b8595e
Deleted: sha256:fa7212eab151480a2f27491b4a4f987fb587b94f7531409631fa3bb0811e9273
Deleted: sha256:4ef53057ef48035881a80a481c7ea8d8722885180c21fde3aa6391fc846eb3e2
Deleted: sha256:819b25b6519e51c4b6158fbf69eaf2202dfc1665d1f3513c01057782755b866b
Deleted: sha256:572682d02d3ac5f7622de248990d0d8fd0d634eefb70720c9b50367998cfb987
Deleted: sha256:0af1f6a985f53cca0c0b6afdc349641d41196b4064daf9fe9833a1f6af150c65
Deleted: sha256:f2620642608b97bef66f349cc53d7c96d3f962ce94c5d3617c3269c1444082b9
Deleted: sha256:a5920f10fe632bec52bbac5778514ec8a484824df0554487fa37c778717d03a2
Deleted: sha256:30e66cbe95d84b73a110895ca38a07bd2982445207769d457a69e96bc0957d3f
Deleted: sha256:bcc97fbfc9e1a709f0eb78c1da59caeb65f43dc32cd5deeb12b8c1784e5b8237
$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
alpine 3.8 4e0b9a3dffba 2 weeks ago 4.41MB
rs-rootfs 0.1 8d7cc52f0b8e 2 weeks ago 942kB
chello 0.1 0ffaacaa21e5 2 weeks ago 8.43kB
bashtest 0.2 109fb224038d 2 weeks ago 4.15MB
bashtest 0.1 2c411bd2be86 2 weeks ago 4.15MB
alpine 3.7 bf17a07bd8a7 2 weeks ago 4.14MB
hello-node v1 c95a898a2382 3 weeks ago 655MB
jenkinsci/blueocean latest 359cfdd876c8 2 months ago 440MB
hello-world latest e38bc07ac18e 3 months ago 1.85kB
frolvlad/alpine-python2 latest a8dc2527e0b3 3 months ago 51.9MB
alpine latest 3fd9065eaf02 6 months ago 4.15MB
node 6.9.2 faaadb4aaf9b 19 months ago 655MB
$ docker load -i elasticsearch.tar
bcc97fbfc9e1: Loading layer [==================================================>] 208.2MB/208.2MB
8f826d39fe4c: Loading layer [==================================================>] 343.4MB/343.4MB
3e419e8be9df: Loading layer [==================================================>] 3.584kB/3.584kB
3cfabbe08a15: Loading layer [==================================================>] 23.28MB/23.28MB
2a161ac3381b: Loading layer [==================================================>] 311.3kB/311.3kB
c509aa7073b4: Loading layer [==================================================>] 217.7MB/217.7MB
62bea52fec7a: Loading layer [==================================================>] 7.68kB/7.68kB
95aa6851545e: Loading layer [==================================================>] 9.728kB/9.728kB
Loaded image: docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:6.3.1
$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch 6.3.1 fa7212eab151 2 weeks ago 783MB
alpine 3.8 4e0b9a3dffba 2 weeks ago 4.41MB
rs-rootfs 0.1 8d7cc52f0b8e 2 weeks ago 942kB
chello 0.1 0ffaacaa21e5 2 weeks ago 8.43kB
bashtest 0.2 109fb224038d 2 weeks ago 4.15MB
bashtest 0.1 2c411bd2be86 2 weeks ago 4.15MB
alpine 3.7 bf17a07bd8a7 2 weeks ago 4.14MB
hello-node v1 c95a898a2382 3 weeks ago 655MB
jenkinsci/blueocean latest 359cfdd876c8 2 months ago 440MB
hello-world latest e38bc07ac18e 3 months ago 1.85kB
frolvlad/alpine-python2 latest a8dc2527e0b3 3 months ago 51.9MB
alpine latest 3fd9065eaf02 6 months ago 4.15MB
node 6.9.2 faaadb4aaf9b 19 months ago 655MB
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镜像上传
自己构建的镜像可以上传到公共的Docker仓库（默认），也可以上传到自己私有镜像仓库中。
命令格式：
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| $ docker push NAME[:TAG]
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默认会上传到 hub.docker.com 的仓库。
参考资料
- Docker镜像的创建、存出、载入
- 新手学习Docker之——如何上传下载镜像
